Social policy & housing. refugees, asylum seekers and the homeless Essay

Social arrangement and lodging. outcasts, refuge searchers and the destitute - Essay Example William Beveridge recognized five key issues that the general public faces and focused on the requirement for end of the Giants as he called them. These indecencies incorporate numbness, filth, inertness and malady. His report known as The Social Insurance and the Allied Services was distributed in 1942 and gave to parliament for thought (Groves, Murie and Watson 2007). He had proposed the help of the common laborers to the needy gathering of the general public - the individuals who are working are to spare some measure of their compensation to help the penniless individuals, for example, the jobless, the debilitated, widows and single men, resigned and the vagrants. By doing this, Beveridge was persuaded that the government assistance of the state would be met. Be that as it may, this can not be accomplished without appropriate social strategy. Social strategy is connected with enactment and social work practice complicatedly. Social strategy is the aftereffect of contribution from different segments of the general public and typically involves wide discussions to address an issue in the general public. This is then supported in law, accordingly acquire the enactment perspective. For example, social administrations have legal kid care and security jobs which lead to inclusion with vagrancy and lodging strategy and enactment (Stewart and Stewart 1992, p. 76). As per the Department for Social Development (2011), social arrangement smoothes out the law to reflect changing social mentalities and making it receptive to the general public. Social laborers need to work inside the law, yet in addition comprehend social strategy in their regions of training so as to keep up social work esteems. Social strategy likewise causes social specialists to grasp political and moral inquiries on obligation and furthermore get individual and c ultural rights (Krieger and Higgins 2002, p. 758). The current British lodging and urban approach characterizes lodging as per residency; proprietor occupation, lodging from nearby specialists, enrolled social landowners and private leased lodging.

Mock Job Application Formal Letter

Miss B Watkins Darlington College Haughton Road Darlington DL1 1DR fifth November 2012 Mr L Fordham Tewit Park Harrogate HG1 1JD Dear Mr. Fordham I am keeping in touch with you concerning the open employment position Business Support Assistant. I found this situation in an ongoing web search and was promptly intrigued. I am presently scanning for a vocation in which I can expand my insight and progress myself further while additionally picking up understanding. I trust I am the best possibility for this specific situation as I have a wide business foundation and will be amazingly dedicated and hard working.As well as this I for one trust I have the right qualities for this kind of work; sure efficient, amenable, dependable, propelled and prepared for a test. I likewise have amazing PC aptitudes. I contemplated ICT at GCSE level and I likewise have bunches of experience utilizing PCs all through my past employments. As required I have an incredible comprehension of Microsoft office an d can effectively utilize the entirety of the Microsoft programs including Word, PowerPoint, Publisher and Excel. I function admirably exclusively just as a feature of a group as I love to meet new individuals and I have a benevolent personality.Due to this, I can convey effectively and productively. I have recently worked in a call place thusly I have a decent information on the most proficient method to manage questions via phone and I can satisfy this job with certainty. I believe I would completely appreciate being a piece of your group and contributing towards your future turns of events. I might want to thank you for setting aside the effort to peruse my letter and It would be highly valued on the off chance that you could consider my offer and I will anticipate ideally got notification from you soon. Yours genuinely B. Watkins Miss B Watkins

Advice for Parents Starting the College Process TKG

Advice for Parents Starting the College Process Dear Parents,  If you’re a parent of a rising senior you might feel like the walls are closing in on you and your child. There is no right way to feel at this time, but feelings of helplessness and stress are pretty common as you enter college application season. That’s why many parents decide to get help in addition to what some schools may offer, in the form of a college advisor. We understand that not everyone has access to this kind of help, so we are making some of our wisdom and knowledge available to you here. We may not be parents ourselves, but since all of us at The Koppelman Group have gone through the college admissions process ourselves within the last ten years, we are closer to the process, which gives us added perspective. We have also been helping kids get into college for years now, so we have a better sense of what parents are going through as well. We remember what our junior year in high school was like, with all the stress and pressure, not just from our par ents, but from our peers as well. It was awful, and this is why we can empathize so well with our student clients, and help them avoid the pitfalls that we experienced.  The clichéd advice holds true here: it always works out. Your kid will get into college. But, if you’re like us, you might want something actionable to check off your list. Before we get started let us just say the following: we’ve never worked with a kid who didn’t get into college. Moreover, 88% of our students got into their #1 school this year and 100% got into their top 2. So knowing that, here are the three biggest keys to getting in to college:  Diversify your school list. Like most things in life, it’s best to not put all your eggs in one basket. Familiarize yourself with our blog post on safety, target, and reach schools. The problem many people run into is that they don’t understand how to create a balanced school list. Some parents believe that applying to all 8 Ivy league schools is diversifyi ng when in reality it’s actually a bad idea to do so. If you’re a parent who feels helpless and thinks that your child might not get in anywhere, we’d recommend doing some research on 3-4 true safety schools. Get comfortable with the “worst case scenario,” which most likely is a great scenario (college is college!). When you’re creating the list, try to avoid US News World Report. Rankings tend to skew people’s perspectives on schools. If your child is applying to 10-15 schools, which is very normal, and 1/3 of them are safeties, you can relax. Remember that certain schools, regardless of your child’s test scores, aren’t safeties for anyone. As a rule of thumb, if a school has less than a 25% acceptance rate, it shouldn’t be considered a safety.  Stay on top of deadlines. This is a big one. No matter who you are or what you do, you cannot negotiate with Common App or College Board. There’s no getting around them. Before you do anything, mark your calendar of c hoice with the deadlines. It’s crucial to be able to see when everything is due. This includes: AP Tests, ACT/SAT/SAT II Tests, college applications, deadlines for sending in standardized tests, etc. A great way to decrease stress and anxiety is to have all of your deadlines in front of you. That way you’re providing yourself with a basic timeline. Figure out a system that works and stick to it.  Don’t compare yourself. This is a tough one, because most people are competitive by nature and as parents you want the best for your child. A lot of parents will use this time as an opportunity to brag about their kids and one-up other parents, whether it’s gloating about test scores or legacy connections or internships, it will happen. There are also the parents who play it close to the vest by not sharing information which is also just as discomfiting. Your kids are going to compare amongst themselves because they’re 16 and 17, and don’t know better, but you know better. Try n ot to feed this potentially damaging demon. Where your kid goes to school isn’t a reflection of how successful a parent you are, at all. In fact, we commend parents who allow their kids to apply to and attend institutions that are genuinely great matches, even if they’re not ranked highest.  This process tends to drudge up a lot of feelings for parents. We all have scars associated with college and the college process because people care so much about where others went to school. If you didn’t go to an Ivy League school, maybe you want your kid to go to one. If you did go to an Ivy, perhaps you want your kid to follow in your footsteps, or you’ve decided that the whole thing is overrated. Either way, attempt to insert some perspective into this process and realize that it’s about your child and not your history or unrequited goals.  Because so much of the burden, both emotionally and financially, is placed on you, it’s completely normal and easy to feel greatly invested in the process, and we want you to be involved. We often have company-wide discussions about how hard it is to be a parent during this time. It’s important that you take time to care for yourself because your child might have meltdowns somewhat frequently. We certainly did when we were going through the process. And that’s why we are here, to help maintain some sanity in the relationship with your child.  Your child is most likely going through the most stressful time of their lives thus far. They’re placing an absurd amount of pressure on themselves and are constantly trying to out-do their friends and live up to their own expectations of themselves. And we haven’t even touched on social media. Teenagers are often ill-equipped to deal with all the stress, real or self-imposed. Lashing out in both directions is inevitable because you love them unconditionally. In fact, our students lash out at us frequently because they consider us family.  As much as possible, parents shoul d try to enjoy this process. If you can take a long-term view and have perspective, you’ll find that it can be an amazing time of self-reflection and growth for your kids. Let us know if we can help. We’re here for you.

Graduation Speech High School Dropout - 870 Words

As a Sophomore in college I am determined to graduate and complete all requirements for my Associates degree with an excellent grade point average this upcoming summer from a two-year community college. I started my first year of college off to an excellent start. I finished my freshman year with outstanding grades in which I was offered into the honors program and academic letter form the dean. My sophomore year has also been worthwhile since I received a 4.0 grade point average for the fall semester in which I made the dean’s list with another merit recognition. I plan to transfer to a Florida university to pursue and further my studies in Elementary Education as well as the Arts ultimately to become a well-rounded educator and successful artist. While pursuing my high school diploma I knew failure was not an option and obtaining my high school diploma was a requirement to my success. My father did not complete high school therefore, he was classified as a high school dropout and my mother was a single teenage parent. My mother is a true inspiration. If she could achieve her academic goals when faced with adversity so could I and so I did. The ultimate accomplishment throughout my entire schooling as a student was to graduate high school and I succeeded. I received my high school diploma with honors, Class of 2014. The majority of my volunteer experience has been involved with helping children learn in school. I volunteered as a child care coordinator at the Halle MartinShow MoreRelatedGraduation Speech : A Rite Of Passage1527 Words   |  7 PagesFor many adolescent individuals in America, graduation is considered a rite of passage. Often, Americans couple graduation with a celebration of opening a new chapter of their life. Specifically, transitioning from a high school student to a graduate. In this essay I will explain what a rite of passage is and what graduation is. Also, I will discuss how graduation is approached as a rite of passage in my culture, and what celebration in regards to graduation looks like and means to many. Almost allRead MoreCyberbullying And Its Effects On Society899 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout high school, we have all witnessed bullying. Some cases more severe than others. One well known way is through social network. This is called cyberbullying. Cyberbullying occurs when a minor is targeted in some form-- threatened humiliated, harassed-- by another, and it is not to be confused with cyber-stalking or cyber-harassment, which involves an adult. Not limited to the internet cyberbullying can spread by cell phones or other digital devices (Surdin, 2009). Cyberbullying has causedRead MoreHow High School Dropouts Affect American Society Essay2479 Words   |  10 PagesThe dropout problem is not only an individual problem, but it is costly to society as a whole. Warren Halpen-Manners (2007) explained, â€Å"high school dropouts is of fundamental social, economic, and political importance and has major implications for educational policy and practice, patterns of economic and raci al/ethnic inequality, and the quality of America’s workforce† (p. 335). Coupled with that, Neild et al (2008) further argued going through the portal into adult life without high school credentialsRead MoreReflection Paper On Steve Jobs962 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"This is the closest I’ve been to a graduation.† These words spoken humbly and authentic, by the late Steve Jobs at a commencement ceremony for the class of 2005 at the very prestigious Stanford University, was the beginning of a masterpiece, a speech that was designed to encourage and empower those young college graduates to take on the world, trust their gut, and follow their dreams and aspirations in life. Significantly, Jobs grabs and holds the attention of his young audience by recounting 3Read MoreAlbert Einstein was born on March 14, 1879. He was born in the city of Ulm, Wurtemberg, Germany. He800 Words   |  4 PagesEinstein had only one sister named Maja Einstein she was two years y ounger than Albert. Albert Einstein went to Luitpold Gymnasium elementary school in Munich, he came through with his studies. Albert liked old music and he played the violin. Albert felt alone and he struggled with harsh Prussian education he was receiving from there. He also had a speech difficulty, his speaking was he did stop to see what he was going to say next. In his later years he wrote about two events that made a mark onRead MoreGraduation Speech : College Is The Lock907 Words   |  4 PagesOn graduation day, universities and colleges grant their students with an official piece of paper stating that they have earned a degree of their interest. Most, if not everyone sees it as another form of money paper, because basically after the two, four or five years in college, this certificate is our primary income. The idea I see and hear a lot from the society and mostly from parents, that education will increase your chances of getting a job, provides you an opportunity to be more successfulRead MoreMental Health And Academic Success1089 Words   |  5 Pagesask what does a stable mental state look like. After comparing the two, it is important to also ask what affects a student s mental state? What situations or issues cause students the most stress, and lastly how does mental instability coincide graduation rates. Villagomez 3 Running Head: Mental Health and Academic Success An increase in mental disorders among students calls for a college-wide policy in order to bring awareness and should be dependent on the coordination and combination ofRead MoreThe Social Contract Between Teachers and Students: Problems with Education1699 Words   |  7 PagesMean?†, Andrew Heinze asks what should professors at educational institutions do to accommodate the needs of students and address the problem with college students not comprehending basic vocabulary, and the impact this has on their performance in school. In order to address this education gap a few things need to be called to action and or either accomplished: attrition rate of teachers, parents of students need to become more involved in their children’s education, the lack of reading comprehensionRead MoreThe Adoption Of The Common Core State Standards3072 Words   |  13 Pagesadoption of the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) in math and English for grades k-12 by the California State Board of Education (SBE); nineteen months later in March of 2012 the SBE approved an implementation plan to serve as a timeline for California schools to support and execute new CCSS curriculum, with corresponding teaching resources, and assessment of students using new assessment tools grounded in the new standards framework (cde.ca.gov. p. 11). â€Å"Preparing students to transition without remediationRead MoreEssay on Hispanic Struggles in American Schools3861 Words   |  16 PagesChallenges Faced by Hispanic Students in American Schools and How Schools Can Address Identified Needs I completed the work I am submitting. The work I am submitting is original and completed to the best of my ability. Abstract The United States Hispanic population continues to increase each year. In turn, school populations of Hispanics increase as well. Hispanics, although improving academically, continue to have high school dropout rates, higher than other racial and ethnic groups

2.2 Analyse How Children and Young People’s Development Is...

Poverty and Deprivation – The area a child grows up in has an effect, for example if a child is brought up on a council estate in poor housing they are more likely to have health problems. If parents are not working or have low income jobs they are likely to buy cheaper food and usually this means lower quality which can lead to health problems. Children and their families may have lower expectations. They might settle for the life that id mapped out. If a child lives in high rise flats or appartments they have less oppportunities to play. In poor quality housing there may not be a garden or safe playing area. This is reducing the childs opportunities to develop their physical gross motor skills. This of course is not always the case†¦show more content†¦Looked after/care status – †¢ This again could have a huge influence as a lot of looked after children are moved around regularly. This will effect their education enormously. Separation and attachment issues are quite often the cause of many reasons not to want to be in school. This is constantly worked on by schools to find the best way to include these children in school and to be able to give them a good standard of education. Education – †¢ If for example a child has not attended a nursery or play group in their early years this can often set them back from what development stage they should be at when attending school. This could be the lack of nursery places, not good enough teachers to the child having a learning disability that has not been identified yet. 2.3 Explain how theories of development and frameworks to support development influence current practice. ï‚Ÿ Albert Bandura - imitating/copying other. ï‚Ÿ Burrhus Skinner - learning is affected by awars and punishments. ï‚Ÿ Jean Piaget - children actively involved in their learning. ï‚Ÿ Shabhna Jerome - active in own learning, develop different ways of thinking at different stages. ï‚Ÿ Lev Vygotsky- Zone of ProximalShow MoreRelatedTDA 3.2 organisation in schools Essay3183 Words   |  13 PagesCommunication and professional relationships with children, young people and adults Knowledge skill 3 2 2 A/601/3326 TDA 3.2 Schools as organisations Knowledge 3 3 3 F/601/4073 TDA 3.3 Support learning activities Knowledge skill 3 4 4 A/601/4069 TDA 3.4 Promote children and young people’s positive behaviour Knowledge skill 3 3 5 H/601/4065 TDA 3.5 Develop professional relationships with children, young people and adults Knowledge skill 3 Read MoreLeadership for Health and Social Care and Children65584 Words   |  263 PagesQUALIFICATION HANDBOOK Level 5 Diploma in Leadership for Health and Social Care and Children and Young People’s Services (England) (3978-51/52/53/54/55/56) December 2011 Version 2.1 (July 2011) Qualification at a glance Subject area City Guilds number Age group approved Entry requirements Assessment Fast track Level 5 Diploma in Leadership for Health and Social Care and Children and Young People’s Services (England) 3978 19+ There are no entry requirements Portfolio of Evidence, PracticalRead MoreUnderstand Child and Young Persons Development 0-19 Essay example3909 Words   |  16 PagesCYP | Units Criteria | ‘’We are moulded by and re-moulded by those who have loved us; and though the love may pass, we are nevertheless their work for good or ill’’ ( Francois Mairlac) 1. Explain the sequence of development that would normally be expected in children and young people from birth to -19 years.Children have certain basic, physical and psychological needs and if these needs are not met then growth psychological developmental will be distorted in many ways. Everyone needs shelterRead MoreUnderstanding Childrens Development4879 Words   |  20 PagesUnderstanding Children and Young Person’s Development Outcome 1 - Understand the pattern of development that would normally be expected for children and young people from birth - 19 years. 1.1 Explain the sequence and rate of each aspect of development that would normally be expected in children and young people from birth-19 years 1.2 Analyse the difference between sequence of development and rate of development and why the distinction is important 1.3 Analyse the reasons why children and youngRead MoreLearning and Social Care Essay examples30870 Words   |  124 PagesCACHE Qualification Specification CACHE Level 3 Diploma for the Children and Young People’s Workforce (QCF) CACHE Level 3 Diploma for the Children and Young People’s Workforce (QCF) CACHE  © Copyright 2011 All rights reserved worldwide.    Reproduction by approved CACHE centres is permissible for internal use under the following conditions: CACHE has provided this Qualification Specification in Microsoft Word format to enable its Centres to use its content more flexibly within their ownRead MoreEssay on Level 3 Childrens and Young Peoples Workforce Assignment 0234376 Words   |  18 PagesOverview Introduction This assignment is intended to provide evidence of a candidate’s knowledge and understanding of children and young people’s development birth to 19 years. By completing all tasks within the assignment, the candidate will provide evidence that meets the Learning Outcomes and assessment criteria for Unit 022, Understand Child and Young Person Development. Tasks There are five tasks to this assignment. A Complete tables; Questions B Complete table; Report C Report Read MoreUnderstand Child Young Person Development7660 Words   |  31 PagesAssignment Overview Introduction This assignment is intended to provide evidence of a candidate’s knowledge and understanding of children and young people’s development birth to 19 years. By completing all tasks within the assignment, the candidate will provide evidence that meets the Learning Outcomes and assessment criteria for Unit 022, Understand Child and Young Person Development. Tasks There are five tasks to this assignment. A Complete tables; Questions B Complete table; Report C Report D ReportRead MoreChildcare: Education and Subject Code Essay43120 Words   |  173 Pagesprofessional relationships with children, young people and adults _________________________ 8 Communication and professional relationships with children, young people and adults indicative content ___________ 9 Schools as organisations ____________________________________________________________ _____________ 10 Schools as organisations indicative content ___________________________________________________________ 11 Understand child and young person development ______________________________________________________Read More023 Understand Child and Young Person development6353 Words   |  26 PagesAssignment 023 Understand Child and Young Person Development Table 1: Physical development Age range Explain the sequence and rate of development 0-3 months When born, babies show innate reflexes, such as swallowing and sucking, rooting reflex, grasp reflex, startle reflex, walking and standing reflex; in the first month babies become less curled up and the startle reflex is starting to fade; toward the end of the third month babies start lifting and turning their heads. 3-6 months Read MoreUnit 1 Qcf Level 3 Essay9585 Words   |  39 PagesUnit 1: Understand Child and Young Person Development Unit code: CYP Core 3.1 Unit reference number: L/601/1693 QCF level: 3 Credit value: 4 1.1 Explain the sequence and rate of each aspect of development from birth – 19 years The sequence of development of a child and young person is divided into five different aspects. They include: Physical, social, communication, intellectual and cognitive, emotional and behavioural and moral development. Since every child develops at a different

stand your ground law Essay - 1612 Words

The Stand Your Ground statute states that â€Å"a person who is not engaged in an unlawful activity and who is attacked in any other place where he or she has a right to be has no duty to retreat and has the right to stand his or her ground and meet force with force, including deadly force if he or she reasonably believes it is necessary to do so to prevent death or great bodily harm to himself or herself or another or to prevent the commission of a forcible felony† (Sherman). Many people will say that the â€Å"Stand your Ground† law is a great law that has diminished the crime rate, made people feel safer in their neighborhood and has given the people back the power to protect themselves and their loved ones from fatal danger. I would have to†¦show more content†¦For instance the significant rise in concealed Carry permits in the state in the last few years. More Floridians have been walking around armed so it would only make sense that â€Å"From 2005 unti l 2012, the number of concealed weapons permits in Florida skyrocketed, from 347,350 to 979,000† (Lantigua). Georgia State researchers Chandler McClellan and Erdal Tekin suggest that â€Å"One potential explanation offered for a relationship between Stand Your Ground laws and homicides is that an increased number of individuals may carry guns in public and be willing to use them as a result of these laws (Lantigua). Most of the increase in justifiable homicides was due to police shootings which rose from 22 in 2004 to 65 in 2011, â€Å"Stand Your Ground† situations where civilians shot civilians, went from â€Å"eight in 2004 to 47 in 2011† (Lantigua). One would expect for the police shootings to rise because of the fact more citizens are carrying weapons. Police officers are going to be a lot more cautious on every traffic stop and on every call because there is more risk of being shot or injured in some way. The rise in civilian shootings from 2004 to 2011 is the statistic that has everyone on edge. Since the law was introduced there have been many controversial cases that were classified justifiable homicides where the shooter was cleared of all charges. In September 2010 Patrick Lavoie was killed byShow MoreRelatedStand Your Ground Law1224 Words   |  5 PagesStand Your Ground Law In recent years, the self-defense doctrine in several jurisdictions has been changing. Some jurisdictions have started using â€Å"stand your ground† laws, which change the traditional requirement that the person being attacked must â€Å"retreat to the wall† before using any kind of force. Proponents’ arguments include that the law merely codifies an individual’s deep-rooted right to defend oneself. Opponents’ arguments include that the law creates a â€Å"license to kill† and has negativeRead MoreThe Stand Your Ground Law1686 Words   |  7 PagesThe Stand your Ground Law has recently been debated to be a just or unjust law of retaliation. The stand your ground law permits individuals to use deadly weapons when they feel threatened or can be harmed. That means if one feels that they are in fear of losing their life they have every right to defend themselves by any means necessary. This law does not state that if someone is not in the way of facing physical harm or losing their life that they have a right to kill someone else. Though eachRead MoreThe Stand Your Ground Laws881 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction: The Stand Your Ground laws are placed into effect as a measure to protect the honest American citizens in cases of self-defense. They allow citizens to defend themselves using deadly means without an attempt to retreat from the situation. The laws remove the â€Å"duty to retreat† when a person is attacked in public. In turn, they allow the citizen to meet their attacker, using force against force. In Florida, victims can declare immunity from trial under Stand Your Ground—however they haveRead MoreStand Your Ground Laws Essay1590 Words   |  7 Pagesthe â€Å"Stand Your Ground Law†? Well many states such as: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Mississippi, Montana, Nevada, New Hampshire, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, and West Virginia have stand your ground laws which state that individuals do not have to retreat before using force in a self - defense situation or many states have laws that are remarkably similar to stand your groundRead MoreWhat are Stand Your Ground Laws?1501 Words   |  6 Pages States are passing Stand Your Ground laws, which are similar to the Castle Doctrine (one has the right to defend oneself in the confines of his or her home), but the Stand Your Ground laws extend the range; instead, people may defend themselves using deadly force in any area they are permitted access (Jealous, 2013; Cox, 2013; Moore, 2012). Stand Your Ground laws contain flaws wherein predators or vigilantes may twist the law to their benefit, yet the Stand Your Ground laws are meant to justifyRead MoreStand Your Ground Laws Essay example1074 Words   |  5 PagesThe Stand Your Ground Laws are becoming a hot topic in today’s news. Headlines are flooded with stories about cases around the country. These laws surround everyone from your everyday citizens to prominent sports figures and entertainers. The Stand Your Ground laws provide individuals with certain rights to protect themselves in events where they may feel threatened. It is also known as the Castle Rule, most of the United States have adopted some form of this law to protect its’ residents whoRead MoreStand Your Ground Laws Need Fixing1287 Words   |  5 PagesStand Your Ground Laws need fixing because they produce more problems than they solve. There are many gun activists who insist on keeping the Stand Your Ground Law as it is, but is it solving problems or causing more of a problem? The Stand Your Ground Law more than likely will never be abolished because of NRA being such a strong force, however its flaws crucially need fixed. Stand Your Ground Laws need fixed because they increase crime rates rather than decrease them. Also, Stand Your Ground LawsRead MoreAnalyzing the Stand Your Ground Law Essay938 Words   |  4 Pagescases that have questioned whether certain laws are more harmful to the community rather than b eneficial. In the year 2010, Americans were outraged by the case of young Trayvon Martin, whose murder was deemed justifiable by the â€Å"Stand Your Ground† law found in Florida, and many other states. This case, amongst others has caused a stir about the usefulness of the â€Å"Stand Your Ground† law and whether the law should be abolished. When deciding whether a law should be kept in place or abolished, we asRead MoreThe United States Stand Your Ground Law1193 Words   |  5 PagesThe United States’ Stand Your Ground law, states that any and all individuals have no duty to retreat from any place they have lawful right to be, and may use any level of force, including lethal, if they reasonably believe they face an imminent and immediate threat of serious bodily harm, or death. Forty-six states have adopted a type of â€Å"Castle Doctrine,† meaning that a person has no duty to retreat when their home is under attack. Twenty-two states have removed t hat duty to retreat from otherRead MoreStand Your Ground Law And Black Youth1981 Words   |  8 PagesABSTRACT Stand your Ground Law and Black Youth The controversies surrounding Stand your Ground Laws have recently captured the nation’s attention. From the infamous Trayvon Martin case, in Florida alone, 26 children have been killed in Stand Your Ground cases. Since 2005, eighteen states have passed laws extending the right to self-defense with no duty to retreat to any place a person has a legal right to be. Despite the implications that these laws may have for public safety, there has been little

Reform and Development of Health Care Services

Question: Discuss about the Reform and Development of Health Care Services. Answer: Introduction: The two health interventions that the Australian Medicare does not cover are- Medical surgeries for cosmetic reasons which are not clinically important and some dental services Ambulances services (2) The two health care services that have larger than normal co-pay system are: Medicines which are not in the list of Pharmaceutical Benefit Scheme Chronic illness like Chronic Obstructive pulmonary Disease (1) The exclusion criteria for cosmetic surgeries are justified as these are accessed by public for personal pleasure and are not detrimental to health. Such services do not require skilled nursing care and is an essential care option only for rich members of society. However, it is not justified to exclude ambulances services from Medicare. It is an emergency service especially in remote areas where people cannot access medical services quickly (3). The large co-pays are not justified It only adds to economic burden and higher death rate among socioeconomically disadvantaged members of the society. Eventually it may increase the death and disability as observed in countries like China and India (1). Lowering the Medicare reimbursement rate for outpatient care is not appropriate. Since outpatient, care largely includes preventive and diagnostic services; rate fall may affect the long run health of uninsured individuals and its associated costs. The effect is significant in communities, which predominantly contains nonprofit hospitals. On the other hand, in profit hospitals, the share increases for outpatient care provided to the uninsured patients (2). Overall, it leads to public anger and vacuum in provision of health care services. References Eckermann S, Sheridan L. Supporting Medicare Health, Equity and Efficiency in Australia: Policies Undermining Bulk Billing Need to Be Scrapped. Applied Health Economics and Health Policy. 2016 Jul 20:1-4. Hussain R, Maple M, Hunter SV, Mapedzahama V, Reddy P, Hunter S. The Fly-in Fly-out and Drive-in Drive-out model of health care service provision for rural and remote Australia: benefits and disadvantages. Rural and remote health. 2015 Jul 19;15(3068). McCall C. Concerns raised over future of Medicare in Australia. The Lancet. 2016 Jul 23;388(10042):323.

Students Perception of a Mobile Application for College Course

Introduction In the opening part of the dissertation, student successfully manages to present succinct and pertinent information about the main reasons for the research, as well as why this study can have practical implications (Mathus, 2011). However, the shortcoming of introduction lies in summarizing chapters instead of considering the actual scope and purpose of the research.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Students’ Perception of a Mobile Application for College Course specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Background While presenting the background information for the research, the student provides a sufficient explanation for the value of mobile devices, such as Blackboard Learn. Specific attention is given to examining its advantages over other mobile applications that can be used in a learning process. Statement of the problem Although the study involves a quantitative design, the author of dissertation tries to understand how students perceive the benefits of introducing smartphone application in a learning process. This inconsistency prevents from realizing how this problem will be researched. Other than that corresponds to detailed representation of data that highlights the major problems, as well as variables involved into the research. Statement of the purpose The central controlling idea of the research study managers to render the scope of the research and provides a sufficient explanation of the nature of the study. It is represented in one elaborated sentence. The purpose sets the objectives, defines the methods and research design, and covers participants’ major intent. Research statistics The main pitfall of the study consists in presenting only descriptive statistics, which prevents from developing accurate results. Nevertheless, this type of numerical data representation develops an extensive theoretical framework for answering the research questions. Research questions Research questions are interrelated with the intent of the study to examine how students’ perceptions correlate with their intention to use Blackboard Mobile Learn. The proposed questions correspond to the research hypotheses that are premised on examining the linear relationship between students’ intent to use the device as a dependent variable and its perception as the independent variable. Significance of the topic The scholar proposes to define the theoretical framework and the nature of the study. In addition, the introductory part explains the rationale for and significance of the proposed research. In addition, the student also provides a detailed evaluation of possible gaps and lapses in future researches.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Key definitions The section explains the definitions that relate to different types of mobile devices and online tech nologies. The second group of terms refers to the level of students’ perceptions to use those mobile devices. However, there are definitions, such as e-learning, which do not directly focus on the intent and purpose of the study. Key assumptions Student has succeeded in explaining the accuracy and truthfulness of responses provided by the participants. The research also excludes the responses that have failed to meet the requirements. Due to the fact that most of the students participate in online research, the choice of students is also confined to those who use web-based space for learning. Limitations The limitations mentioned by students rationally explain possible challenges for the research to be valid and reliable. Nevertheless, there are many other restrictions that could hamper the research process. In particular, the student could have mentioned the types of establishments participating in the study because it could have influenced the results. Despite the limitatio ns, the author manages to persuade the readers that the research is of high relevance. Restatement of Research Questions The introductory part of the Methodology section only briefly restates the purpose of study, but fails to mention the research questions and major hypotheses (Mathus, 2011). Instead, the opening paragraph develops the summary of the procedures that will be discussed in this chapter. Description of the Research Methodology The description of research design starts with restatement of the type of quantitative study, as well as the main purpose of the research. Second, student does not refer directly to the description of the methods that will be used in the research. Instead, the scholar focuses other researches discussing similar methodological designs. Process of Selection of Data Sources Before selecting methods for research, the students focused on reviewing related studies to define which design is the most appropriate. As soon as literature has been examined, the researcher has managed to explain why a cross-sectional survey design should be selected for this dissertation. Definition of Analysis Unit In the section, the research paid attention to explaining the materials and instrumentation that should be used to obtain statistical data. Although there are great number of resources and instruments for conducting research, the data analysis relies on electronic questionnaire to collect quantitative data about participants and their intentions to use the Black Mobile Learn application.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Students’ Perception of a Mobile Application for College Course specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Validity and Reliability of Data Gathering Instrument Detailed overview of related scholars and enumeration of electronic data collection techniques, including SelectSurvey.NET, SPPSS, and other devices has been presented. Data Gathering Procedure Introd ucing inferential and descriptive statistics was aimed at delivering techniques for digital data gathering. The author of the dissertation provides detailed analysis of all gathering procedures. Plans for IRB and Summary The summary covers the basic points of methodology, but there is no mentioning about the IRB and their intentions. Research Tools In the dissertation, the scholar combines methodology and data analysis section into one chapter and, therefore, chapter 4 is dedicated to results and research tools used for the research. Nevertheless, data collection section is still represented along with descriptive statistic results, and regression analysis. Pilot Study Instead of introducing research questions and hypotheses, student introduces the analysis of research tools and pilot studies. The latter defines numerical data based on the results from electronic questionnaire. In whole, the scholar failed to follow the structure of a quantitative dissertation because data collectio n procedures have been considered in various chapters. Date Collection In whole, the scholar failed to follow the structure of a quantitative dissertation because data collection procedures have been considered in various chapters. Therefore, all information about the collection process should be represented in one section. Descriptive Statistics The section presents objective information about participants, as well as methods used to process numerical data. The student has included data about age, demographics, and disciplines in which learners are involved to define the relationships. However, no connection has been made with the research hypothesis.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Reliability of the Scales The researcher discusses the connection between independent and dependent variables to prove the reliability of the sales chosen for data analysis. Therefore, this section could be approved. Population analysis and statistics, along with population mean analysis has been presented. The section focuses on quantitative data evaluation, which corresponds to the initial hypothesis. Each statistic finding has been analyzed from the viewpoint of the initial research questions. Discussion of the Study Discussion restates the research questions and defines relevance of statistics to the findings of the studies. At this point, discussion section should not have provided analysis and review of research questions. Rather, the focus should have been made on the actual interpretation of results. Interpretation of Findings Enumeration of research tools and design is inappropriate for this action. Instead, student should have discussed the implications and meaning of the obtained results either to approve to reject the research hypothesis. Reliance on theories is also irrelevant because previous discussions have already highlighted the theoretical frameworks. Implications The author focuses on practical applications of the research findings and accurately outlines various fields of future scientific explorations in the field. This is of particular concern to such aspects as social change. In addition, the research is beneficial for other scholars to develop new paradigms in learning. Recommendations for Action Due to a bulk of practical implications, the research can also be used for developing helpful recommendations for school instructors and administration. The dissertation, therefore, suggests a new specialized field in research that does not only refers to the role of technology in education, but also highlights students’ perception in constant advancement. Recommendations for Further Study The student provides reliable guidelines for th e target audience to use the empirical findings for enhancing the learning environment. Therefore, in total, the dissertation has great significance for further scientific explorations in the field. Summary The summary succinctly reproduces the content of the chapter so that the reader could easily define the most important aspects of the studies. Reference Mathus, R. (2011).Students’ Perception of a Mobile Application for College Course. (Dissertation: University of Phoenix, USA). 168. This essay on Students’ Perception of a Mobile Application for College Course was written and submitted by user Shiloh Greene to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Cope dont Mope Professor Ramos Blog

Cope dont Mope In 6th grade I had just finished running laps in my p.e class and since it was my last class of the day i was gonna go change and then wait for my ride to come pick me up. I found a big tree at the front of the school so i was just gonna lay there while I waited because it was pretty hot that day so it was nice to be in the shade. I was so tired after my run that I actually ended up closing my eyes for a bit and i didnt open them until I heard someone walking up to me. When I opened my eyes, all I saw was someone in a grey hoodie throwing a punch at my face. This was nothing new though, this was just the most recent attack in a year full of bullying at all that bullying put me in a really bad spot that took me years to recover from. I had to figure out how to cope with the bullying and basically had to prove to myself that I was worth it. I was bullied from 5th grade up to 7th grade and a little into 8th but by the end of 8th grade i had grown taller than everyone else so no one dared to mess with me anymore but those years of abuse left a big mark on me and my mental health. It actually got so bad that the latter part of 6th grade and the early part of 7th grade when my family would leave for work or school and i was home alone i would actually get my dads handgun load it and put it to my head and sit there until someone comes home then I would hide it again. I did that until i heard two quotes that at least got me to stop contemplating suicide. I have no idea who said them or where i heard them but they absolutely changed my life they are â€Å"Suicide is a permanet solution to an impermanent problem† and â€Å"suicde does not get rid of your pain, it only takes it and gives it to someone else†. The second quote was the one that really saved my life because imagine my dad coming home and finding me dea d in his bed, with his gun in my hand. I know my dad and he would feel like he failed me and our family and I could not put my family through all of that. It wasnt until I was out of highschool when I really got past that stuff. It was a long and bumpy road though, i lost a lot of people I cared about because i came up with this tough guy alter ego to try and counteract everything that had happened but all that did was isolate me even further because i kept pushing people away so i needed a new way to cope. To add to all the mental and physical abuse I suffered in middle school immediately after middle school my dad ended up moving me away from all my friends, away from the people that made me feel safest. I went into my freshman year of highschool completely alone again so I had no one to turn to when things got bad. About half way through the semester I had started talking to people and actually making friends there was even this girl Dhalila that I really liked who I was gonna go see a movie with but we ended up moving again but this time to arizona. Instead of moving from one town to another like before this time it was to a completely different state so once again I was alone but this time I was alone in a 100 degree desert with nothing to comfort me but cactuses (which dont give great hugs I ended up finding out). So once again I have to put myself out there and make new friends but this time it was way faster because I met this girl Julie who actually introduced me to all her fri ends and one of those people actually ended up becoming my girlfriend but im hoping shell say yes when I ask her to be my fiance. So I hang out with julies friends all the way until the end of the school year then BOOM I switch schools, I dont end up moving but i end up switching schools so once again I have to make new friends even though by now im old enough to have a phone so I keep in contact with some of the people from my last school. But by now I had started pushing people away with this fake me i created and I hated that I kept doing it. I mean it was so bad that I would ask a girl out and when she rejected me i wouldnt get sad i would get mad like how dare she not want to date me. And it was awful. So now it is my sophomore year of highschool now and im doing a little bit better because the friends I made at my new school actually ended up getting me into sports. At first it was just playing catch or something at lunch but eventually they got me to try out for the football team and I liked it. I made the team as a wide receiver because im tall and can run fast. I loved the camaraderie between the guys on the team and the lights shining on the field when we played at night. Those games where the happiest id been in a very long time but after about 10 games it happened. I went up for a catch and as I was up in the air a defender from the opposing team hit me right in the chest as I was coming down and actually broke one of my ribs and put my rib into my lung which ended up puncturing it. After that I was in the hospital and bed ridden for weeks and even after i could get up I could barely move or breathe which put me back into that hole i had just climbed out of and I felt lost a gain. I thought that football was gonna be my thing, that was gonna be my thing that got me past my depression and heck maybe id even make a career out of it. But sadly it was just a nice escape for a few months but then I lost it. In December of my sophomore year I met this girl cayce through my friend Julie who I started talking to over Facebook and really quick it felt like there was some kind of connection like it seemed as though we were the same person. After only 4 or 5 months and prompting from Cayces friend I took the leap and asked her out and to my surprise she actually said yes. Ever since that day my life has been on an uphill climb even though in between sophomore and junior year I moved back to California leaving my girlfriend in Arizona. She was the one that truly got me past all that stuff that happened in 6th grade. So nearly 6 years later I finally started recovering and it was because we would always talk about our dream dates or dream house which allowed the real me to come out. Before her I had that tough guy alter ego that would say mt perfect date is sex and mt perfect house is an expensive one but with Cayce i was able to let my walls down and really go into detail on stuff and be me. F or once in years i was able to be me and I loved it. So I guess this whole paper and my whole journey boils down to be yourself no matter what people say, no matter what people do if you be you then you can do anything you want. I am about to finish my first full year of college and in only one more year I will have 3 associates degrees all because my girlfriend and my friends helped me see who the real me is. Plus this is my way of flipping off all the people that bullied me years ago, this is my way of proving them wrong.

Why is the church a functionalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Why is the church a functionalism - Essay Example This contention is the reason why I chose functionalism to analyze the church as among the institution which plays a very crucial role in the society. I believe that in employing functionalism, the function of the church would be fully understood beyond being a house of worship alone. Included is the contribution of functionalism to the understanding of human behavior. The church is considered a functionalism because it plays a function in the society which is the core essence of functionalism. Proponents of functionalism view society as a network cooperating to work together towards a common goal. As one of the essential structures of the society, the church has its own function to execute. Functionalists compare society with human body with parts and functions to perform. In the event that one part becomes diseased or dysfunctional, other parts are affected and the person may suffer from illness. The same thing would happen with the society because parts are interdependent with eac h other (Encyclopedia, 2010).

Hawaii Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Hawaii - Research Paper Example The islands present a variety of features from volcanic eruptions to glacial features on Mauna Kea volcano as well as abundant rain forests of tropical trees, ferns and flowering plants to desert grass and cactus. Hawaiian physical geography has a number of components that include: In physical geography, according to Gabler, Peterson & Trapasso (2006), earth is taken as a system with inputs of energy. Earth is otherwise a closed system to the input and output of matter. Other than meteorites and gas molecules, nothing can enter the earth’s surface. Another example of earth’s system being a closed one is hydrosphere. Water in the atmosphere is present in all its three forms – liquid, gas and hard ice. It can change shape from one state to another but the output remains the same in the system. The same is not true of the earth’s sub systems. That’s why they are called open systems. Flow of energy is unhindered over a sub system’s physical boundaries as inputs and outputs. Taking the example of a stream as an open sub system where energy remains in the form of soil, rock fragments, solar energy and precipitation; all these forms of energy enter the stream excluding heat energy that scatters into the atmosphere and the str eam bed. Water and the matter of the stream ends into the ocean and the stream system get input from the precipitation. Same is true of the physical geography of Hawaii. Due to continuous eruption of lava from with in the ocean body, Hawaii islands have come into form. Hawaii’s coastlines present one of the most vivid and changing environment. All spheres of earth meet at its coastline—hydrosphere, lithosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. In the Hawaii islands, the movement of energy and processes happen the same, as energy release from lava eruption and sun energy warms water bodies and oceans; water evaporates into the atmosphere and releases back in the form of rain on land and pass through streams and rivers, and finally enter

Different Power Factor Correction Engineering Essay

Different Power Factor Correction Engineering Essay Different power-factor correction methods are reviewed, as well as the back ground to the power-factor. Problem is arising in modern electrical distribution systems due to the connection of rapidly increasing numbers of non-linear electronic loads. The basic principles of harmonic generation and limitation in power systems are first discussed. The main part presents a critical review of commonly used power-factor correction techniques that have been identified in a literature review, and highlights the advantages and disadvantages of these techniques. After the analysis of methods and their working principles, the development of the most promising systems such as the boost-type PFC converters is considered. Finally, a project plan is proposed for the next phase of the dissertation work. This will involve investigating the operation, dynamic control and performance of the most promising systems by conducting a theoretical study and setting up and running a number of simulation models using the MATLAB/SIMULINK software tools. Key-words: Power factor correction, harmonic mitigation, PFC converters Contents List of Abbreviations and Principle Symbols Abbreviations: AC Alternating Current APF Active Power Filter CCM Continuous Conduction Mode DC Direct Current DCM Discontinuous Conduction Mode DF Distortion Factor FFT Fast-Fourier analysis IGBT Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor PF Power Factor PFC Power Factor Correction PWM Pulse Width Modulation RMS Root Mean Square THD Total Harmonic Distortion TDD Total Demand Distortion Principle Symbols: Power Factor Distortion Factor Displacement Factor h Harmonic contents RMS value of the line-current fundamental component RMS value of the line-current harmonic components Total RMS value of the line-current 1. Introduction It is now clearly visible from power systems journals and general literatures that power-factor correction is now an important research topic in the power systems area. As non-linear power electronic systems are increasingly being connected to power systems in greater quantities as well as capacities for such applications as power quality control, adjustable speed drives, uninterruptible power supplies, renewable energy-source interfacing, and so on [1] [2]. The power quality regulators of those systems are highly concerned now, because some of their drawbacks, such as harmonics generation and reduced power factor can spoil their advantages [3]. Power electronic systems are effective because their high efficiency and rapidly adjustable output. However, when processing and controlling the input electric energy suitable for users [4], power electronic systems often operate at a low power-factor, and that may cause serious problems to power system operators by reducing distribution comp onent RMS current capacity and to other users on the same network by distorting the sinusoidal supply voltage seen by other user connected at the same point of common coupling as a heavy electronic or power electronic load.. Of all power line disturbances, harmonics are probably the most serious one for power users because they exist under steady state conditions. This literature review considers harmonic generation prediction of power electronic systems and examines the effectiveness of harmonic mitigation methods. The boost-type power factor correction converters will be taken as the core power factor correction method for future research. The existing publications arising from research in this area and their conclusions have set a good foundation for this report. Results in this report will be based on a theoretical study and simulation studies using software MATLAB/SIMULINK power-factor correction system models which be developed. 2. Background This section provides discussion on the fundamental principles of power-factor correction, including definitions of power-factor terms and a consideration of the common standards which affect how harmonics controlled in power system. Also, the harmonic generation prediction of ideal power electronic systems is discussed at the end of this section 2.1 Important definitions and objective of power-factor correction The power factor (PF) is the ratio of the real power to the apparent power [5] and gives a measure of AC supply utilization on how efficient that the energy is supplied and can be converted into effective work output. The definition of power factor is as shown below: (2.1) In the definition, the value of the power factor is always between 0 and 1, and can be either inductive or capacitive. That means average power is always lower than apparent power. The reason is harmonic components and phase-displacement angle,. Hence, the power factor equivalent can be described as below: (2.2) is termed the (current) distortion factor (DF) and represent the harmonic components in the current and relative to wave shape [6]. DF is defined as the ratio of the fundamental current component to the RMS current value [4]. is termed the displacement factor and defined as the current and voltage waveform phase angle [6]. Displacement factor has unity value for in-phase current and voltage. The increase of displacement angle will cause larger reactive current in the power system [4]. Hence, the objective of power-factor correction is to decrease the current distortion or harmonic content and increase the displacement factor or bring the current in phase with the voltage. The closer power factor is to the unity value, the higher efficiency and lower energy loss. And the power system will operate at a lower supply voltage. Another commonly used index for measuring the harmonic content of a waveform applied for current distortion level is total harmonic distortion, THD. THD is the distortion current as a percentage of the fundamental current. The equation of THD is given by: or (2.3) In AC supply utilizations, power factor,, can be expressed in terms of THD and the displacement factor: (2.4) With these equations, it is easy to see that high THD leads to low power factor and even damaging of the power network. THD and power factor will be used together in the following work as important index in measuring performance of the harmonic mitigation techniques. 2.2 Effects and limitation of harmonic distortion on power system In any power conversion process, to get high efficiency and low power loss are important for two reasons: the cost of the wasted energy and the difficulty in removing the heat generated due to dissipated energy [4]. The performance of power output efficient is defined by several factors. The power factor and harmonic distortion are the most important ones. References [8] [9] show the main issues of harmonics within the power system include the possibility of them exciting series and parallel resonances which cause a further increase of harmonic levels, low efficiency caused in generation, transmission, and utilization of electric energy, increasing thermal losses in the electrical components and shortening their useful life and causing malfunction of motors and other components in the power system. Those effects can be divided into three general categories: Thermal stress, Insulation stress and Load disruption [10]. Those represent effects on increasing equipment losses and thermal losses, increased value of current drawn from the power system and insulation stress and failure to action and malfunction of some electrical devices and systems. The IEEE Standard 519-1992 recommended harmonic current limits with an additional factor, TDD. This is very same as THD except the distortion factor is expressed by load current instead of fundamental current magnitude [11]. Hence, the equation of TDD is given by: (2.5) Therefore, IEEE Standard 519-1992 limitation for harmonic current in power system expressed with TDD is shown below: Maximum harmonic current distortion in percent of Individual harmonic order (Odd harmonics) TDD 4.0 2.0 1.5 0.6 0.3 5.0 20 7.0 3.5 2.5 1.0 0.5 8.0 50 10.0 4.5 4.0 1.5 0.7 12.0 100 12.0 5.5 5.0 2.0 1.0 15.0 >1000 15.0 7.0 6.0 2.5 1.4 20.0 Even harmonics are limited to 25% of the odd harmonics limits above. Table 2.1 IEEE 519-1992 Standard for harmonic current limits [12]. Also, there are limitations for power system harmonic voltage and power factor regulation, like IEC 61000-3-2 standard. The methods for power factor correction should not cause disturbances for other aspects of performance. 2.3 Harmonics generation in power electronic systems Power electronic systems may naturally operate at low power-factor due to large harmonic generation and phase shifting in controlled devices like controlled rectifiers. Understanding characteristics of the harmonic current is essential for harmonic mitigation research. Based on the form on the two sides, converters can be divided into four categories [4] including: 1. AC to DC (rectifier) 2. DC to AC (inverter) 3. DC to DC 4. AC to AC Power electronic systems always draw high quality of low frequency harmonic current from the utility and hence cause problems for other users. Take an ideal single-phase diode bridge rectifier as example, the total harmonic distortion can be up to 48.43% [4] and the 3rd harmonic current can be as large as one third of the fundamental current. If a non-linear load is considered, the displacement factor will fall down from unity value and cause a decrease of power factor. This is surely over the harmonic standards limitation and needs to be corrected. Theoretically, Rectifiers and choppers output DC and draw a fundamental AC source current and large low frequency harmonic content. On the other hand, inverters output low frequency AC and supply fundamental current and harmonic content usually at higher frequency. Harmonic contents can be reduced by harmonic mitigation techniques and hence increase power factor. Take Fourier analysis result diagram of single-phase diode bridge rectifier and PWM control Buck converter as example. (a) (b) Figure 2.1 Fourier analysis diagram for input current of (a) single-phase diode bridge rectifier and (b) PWM control Buck converter. 2.4 Software tools for harmonic mitigation evaluation To filtering harmonic current in the power system, the frequency of harmonic contents is essential. However, in practice, the harmonic frequency is not absolutely equal to the theoretical value and that makes analysis of harmonic frequencies very difficult. The reason is stray inductance and capacitance in the system and reverse recovery time and forward voltage drop of non-ideal devices [1]. To analyze harmonic contents, appropriate software can be helpful. In this project, the software chosen to help analyzing harmonic current drawn by power electronic systems is MATLAB/SIMULINK. Taking the three-phase diode bridge rectifier as an example, a simulation model can be established as shown below. In the model, a three-phase 50Hz AC power supply is used for a resistive load and most devices are not ideal. The model is followed by the diagram of input current waveform and frequency spectrum of AC input current. Values of each order harmonic content and total THD are given by Fast-Fourier (FFT) analysis in powergui analysis tools. With the help of Fourier analysis, the performance of harmonic mitigation techniques can be evaluated and compared quickly. Figure 2.2 Simulation model for three-phase diode bridge rectifier. Figure 2.3 Waveform of rectifier input current (phase A). Figure 2.4 Frequency spectra of AC input current of three-phase rectifier. 3. Power Factor Correction Techniques After tens of years developing and improving, various types of power factor correction techniques or harmonic mitigation techniques can be chosen to solve power factor problem. Those techniques can be divided into five categories [11] [13] as shown below: 1. Passive filters Passive filters can improve power factor with low cost and reduce high frequency harmonics effectively. However, they are always in large size and cannot vary flexibly with system changes [4] [14]. If tuning reactors are not used, parallel resonance may occur in operation [15]. 2. Active filters Active filters improve power factor and provide stable output even under varying supply condition, and reduce harmonics in the output current effectively and efficiently [4] [16]. These, however, always requires much higher costs and the harmonic currents they injected may flow into other system components [13] [14]. 3. Hybrid systems Hybrid active filters combine active and passive filters together in various forms [17]. Hence they can reduce initial and running costs and improve performance of the filter [11] [13]. Smaller filter inductor, smaller dimension, light weight and better filter performance hybrid system take advantages of both passive and active filters [18]. However, the complexity of operation is the main drawback of hybrid systems. 4. Phase multiplication Increasing the pulse number of power converters can raise the lowest harmonic order generated by the converter [2]. Typically, 6-pulse converter has the lowest harmonic order of 5 [1]. When rising pulse number to 12, the lowest harmonic order can increase to 11. As value of harmonic current are ideally proportional to fundamental current value [4], the amount distortion of the power system can de reduce to a low level. On the other hand, the effectiveness of this technique is based on balanced load [13] which rarely happens in practice. 5. PWM PWM converters have much better performance compared to traditional converters like diode rectifiers and square-wave control inverters [4]. As a control strategy improvement, PWM harmonic mitigation technique can even used with some devices for traditional converters and hence get broad application prospect [11]. However, the topology complexity and difficult on designing controllers [19] makes the use of PWM is limited. The objective of these techniques is to make the input current nearly a pure sinusoidal waveform and hence to improve the power factor in electrical supply system. All these five techniques are discussed separately in the following work. 3.1 Passive filters Passive filters have widely been used to absorb harmonics generated by the power electronic systems, primarily due to their simplicity, low cost and high efficiency [20]. Passive filters are always consists inductors, capacitors and damping resistors [21]. The objective of the passive filter is to stop the flow of the harmonic current from disturbing power system, either by preventing them with the usage of series filters or diverting them to a shunt path [9] [11]. That is the different between series filter and shunt filter, too. Series filters can be tuned LC system or only a single inductor in the system. Parallel inductance and capacitance are tuned to provide low impedance for fundamental frequency current and high impedance for a selected frequency current, always high level harmonic current. The series tuned filters are simple and reliable to use. The circuit configuration can be shown as below. Figure 3.1 Series LC tuned filter. The series tuned filters are always used as input filter for power electronic systems. However, a big drawback limits the using. If the series tuned filter is used in a VSI system as the input filter for the inverter, several order harmonic current need to be filtered, 5th, 7th, and so on. Each order harmonic current required an individual filter, and hence the size of the system can be intolerable. On the other hand, shunt filter have much more types including shunt-tuned filter, double-band pass filter and 1st, 2nd and 3rd -order damped filters. Also, broadband filters are good solution for filtering wide range of harmonics [22]. The circuit configurations of these widely used passive filters are like shown below. (a) (b) (c) (d) Figure 3.2 Typical harmonic filters: (a) Single-tuned filter (b) Double tuned filter (c) High-pass parallel filter (d) C-type high-pass filter [5] [27]. A few single tuned filters cope with large level harmonic contents and a high-pass (2nd order) filter filtering high frequency harmonics is the typical model for shunt passive filters and can get better characteristic than series filters [24]. Take the single tuned filter as example, single-tuned filter also called the band-pass filter as only a selected frequency of current can pass in low impedance. The tuning frequency of the single-tuned filter could be: (3.1) And at this frequency, the impedance of the filter is: (3.2) where s is the Laplace operator, L represents value of inductance and C represents the capacitance value. However, mostly passive filters can only filtering 30% of harmonic current in the power system [23] and can not match IEEE 519-1992 standard well. Even the broadband filter, which can filter a range of harmonic contents and reduce system THD to approximately 10%, the resonance caused by the filter and the big size of inductor and capacitor still limit the usage of the filter. So we can get the list of advantages and disadvantages for passive filters shown in table 3.1. Advantages Disadvantages Effectively for filtering high frequency harmonics Low availability for low frequency harmonic filtering Very low cost and reliable Bulky devices and inflexible devices parameters Simple structure Individual branch is necessary for each dominant harmonics in the system High probability resonance Table 3.1 List of passive filter performances [4] [14] [25] [29]. 3.2 Active power filters (APF) The basic idea of an active filter is to compensate current or voltage disturbance so as to reduce the reactive power electronic systems drawn from the power system [23]. The active filters using in power system are not the same as what we use in electronic circuits. The active filters conventional means combined operational amplifiers and passive components like inductors and capacitors, and always been used in electronic circuits operating under low voltage. That is the beginning of the active compensation applications and came out earlier than active filters using in power systems. The active filters which are used in power system for active power compensation and harmonic compensation are always called Active Power Filter (APF) [30]. The active in APF means the filters are act as power sources or generators and provide compensation currents which have opposite phase angle with the harmonic currents in power system [30]. Similarity between electronic circuit active filters and pow er system active filters are the requirement of external power supply. The active filters which are talked in the following parts are all means APF. With the active power filters, the compensation for reactive power and for harmonic current can de done at the same time, hence efficiency on harmonic compensation and also dynamic response are all be improved [23]. The trend of active power filters began in 1970s and was introduced by Mr. Akagi. The incentive for active filters is the inductor is not appropriate to use under high frequency, so the trend is to replace the inductor with active components. As the harmonic contents in the power system various frequently, fast response of active filters required a good control strategy to make active filters smarter and faster. But more complex devices and sophisticated control strategy are required, that all makes active filters more expensive and hard to use [26]. Active filters can also be classified by converter type as shunt-type active filters and series-type active filters. The diagrams of two basic types of active filters are shown below. The other way to classify active filters is the phase number of filters which will be discussed later. (a) (b) Figure 3.3 Diagrams of (a) Shunt-type active filter and (b) Series-type active filter [11] [28]. Series active filters are good at compensate voltage harmonics and capacitive, voltage-source loads. When applied to an inductive or current-source load, a low impedance parallel branch is necessary. Similarly, shunt active filters are always used with inductive, current-source loads and high current distortion conditions. Sometimes over current condition occurs with the use of shunt-type active filters [31]. Typical working principle of the active power filter is: 1. Detection. The sensor detects the waveform of the instantaneous load current and feedback to the controller, which is typically a digital processing block. 2. Analysis. Load current is always high distortion current including fundamental current and many orders of harmonic current. The processor must distinguish the fundamental current with the harmonic currents and give out the information including frequency, value, and phase angle of harmonic contents, so as to control the power source inverter providing opposite phase current of harmonic current. 3. Compensation. The power source inverter draws current from individual DC voltage supply and converting to required current to cancel harmonic currents. Like the diagram shown below. Figure 3.4 Diagram of compensation characteristics [31]. Hence, we can draw a conclusion of advantages and disadvantages of active power filters shown in the table below. Advantages Disadvantages High compensation efficiency and high ability on harmonic compensation Low reliability with sophisticated control system and devices Small size components Difficult to construct a large rated current source with a rapid current Fast action on harmonic current variation makes good dynamic response High initial costs and running costs No resonance causing Complex control strategy and controllers are necessary Suitable for widely supply and load conditions, like unbalanced power supply Table 3.2 List of active power filter performances [13] [22] [30] [31]. 3.3 Hybrid systems Hybrid filters comes from the idea to combine the advantages of both passive filters and active filters together hence to get brilliant performance on harmonic mitigation [17]. Combine passive filters and active filters can significantly reduce costs and improve the compensation characteristics in the power system. Also, various types of hybrid systems of passive and active filters can get better performance than only passive or active filters. Like the reference [18] and [20], small rating active power filter and passive filter connected in serial or shunt type. Smaller filter inductor, smaller dimension, light weight and better filter performance hybrid system take advantages of both passive and active filters [18]. However, as the basement of the hybrid power filters are always active power filters, the initial costs and control complexity is still big disadvantages of hybrid systems. 3.4 Phase multiplication The purpose of phase multiplication is to increase the pulse number of the converter and hence to increase the harmonic order and frequency [4]. The low frequency harmonics can be mitigated effectively and phase multiplication technique does not cause serious resonance and other bad effects on power system performances [13]. The practical application of phase multiplication technique, the multipulse converters, have the ability to draw low distortion current from power source and generate DC current with low level ripple [32]. Typically, 6-pulse converter has the lowest harmonic order of 5 [1]. When rising pulse number to 12, the lowest harmonic order can increase to 11. As value of harmonic current are ideally proportional to fundamental current value [4], the amount distortion of the power system can de reduce to a low level. Also, the multipulse thyristor converters can output various value current by controlling the thyristor fairing angle () [32]. The drawbacks of phase multiplication technique are mostly the contradiction between the cost and output characteristic. If controlled output is required, the multipulse converter should contain at least 12 switching devices and that can be a big amount of costs. On the other hand, multipulse converter only use diodes may operate on low efficiency [11]. 3.5 PWM PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) is a modern control technique for power electronic systems. PWM converters have much better performance compared to traditional converters like diode rectifiers and square-wave control inverters [4]. Like the phase multiplication technique, PWM control can raise the frequency of harmonic contents of current so as to reduce the effect caused by harmonics. Also, converters using PWM control can have high efficiency and small size. With all these advantages, PWM control absorbed great concern in modern power conversion systems. However, the topology complexity and difficult on designing controllers [19] makes the use of PWM is limited. 3.6 Power factor correction converter Power factor correction (PFC) converter is a typical active power factor correction method. As a mature technique for power factor correction, PFC converters have been widely used in power electronic systems to achieve high power factor (PF) and low harmonic distortion [33]. PFC convener forces the input current follow the input voltage, which makes the input current drawn from power supply nearly in a unity power factor [34]. The Boost-type PFC converters are the most used topology which have many advantages, such as low level ripple in the input current, high power factor, small size and simple circuit structure [35]. A typical circuit diagram of Boost-type PFC converter is as shown below from reference [36]. Figure 3.5 Typical circuit diagram of Boost-type PFC converter [36]. As we seen in the diagram before, conventional PFC converter consists two main stages [33] [37]: Power factor correction stage. This stage is combined with a diode rectifier and a DC/DC converter and used to correct power factor of the input current drawn from the power system. The most used type of chopper is Boost chopper. Also, the new Buck and Cuk type PFC converters are increasingly being used now. The switching working principle can be divided into two types, DCM and CCM. 2. DC/DC converter The chopper here is used to convert the power output voltage and current match the users demand. Since choppers only drawn low distortion power from supply, the typical filter on the utilization end is always a passive filter. This is the working principle for conventional PFC converters, the two-stage DCM/CCM Boost-type PFC converter. However, this type of PFC converter has some disadvantages and need to be improved [33]-[39]: 1. Stage number Individual control system and switching devices are required for each stage of PFC converter, hence increasing the costs of the whole system and cause some other problems, such as power density, transmission efficiency and control response [38]. Also, the design of control system can be a challenge. A new one-stage PFC converter topology has been introduced to power factor correction research area. The circuit diagram is as shown in figure 3.6 [36]. The combination of the power factor correction converter and the forward converter may bring many advantages point as below [36]: 1. High power factor correction performance 2. Reduced value of ripple in the DC output 3. Low initial cost and running cost 4. High efficiency and easy control system And so on. Figure 3.6 Circuit diagram of single stage PFC converter [36]. 2. Converter type Like shown in figure 3.6, Buck converter is increasingly being used in PFC converters. Also, Cuk converter and other type of choppers are becoming good choice for PFC converters [36]-[39]. The Buck type PFC converter was rarely used since its high input current distortion. However, with the characteristic improving of the Buck type PFC converter, it can reach good performance with specific dual mode duty cycle control scheme [36]. The main advantage of Buck type PFC converter is easy to reduce the stage number to one stage. 3. Devices and control strategy One of the most important aims in the design of power electronic systems is the reduction of the size of the passive devices, since it allows increase on the power density and the reduction in the initial and running cost. As inductor and capacitor are still using in the PFC converter, the reduction of them can be very important [33] [37]. However, the improvement of devices must base on the developing of the control strategy [37]. With a good detect and control system, the size of the inductor and capacitor can be reduced while the harmonic content can still meet the requirement [33]. The further analysis and improvement of PFC converter based on this literature review will be an important work in the last stage of project. 4. Conclusion This literature review provides a critical study on power factor issues and power factor correction techniques. A theoretical review of power factor definitions and harmonic generation by power electronic systems are presented at the beginning of the paper. The performance of five basic types of harmonic mitigation techniques has been discussed with the support of many previous research publication and their results. The PFC converter is chosen as the promising system for power factor correction after the analysis and comparison. The simulation model establishment and simulation comparison of power factor correction techniques will be important works for the next period of the project. Also, design rules and guidance of PFC converters will be designed in the next period, too.

Shoe Horn Sonata :: John Misto

The Shoe- Horn Sonata *** "The Shoe- Horn Sonata" is a play by John Misto that gives an insight into two lives of two female POWs in WW II and is a vector of Misto’s thoughts. It explores the little known and often terrible events associated with female prisoners of war. The play follows a friendship of two women through the war to a point of tension that’s beyond what any normal friendship would have to deal with. Misto engages his audience by using a multitude of mediums to portray his story creating a truly multimedia performance. The playwright challenges the audience to look beyond this to the underlying ideas of survival, loyalty and truth. *** The play opens with a scene almost as dramatic as the characters, introducing Bridie. She stands on a spotlight demonstrating the "Kow Tow" bow for respect in the centre of the stage then "claps her hands sternly", immediately revealing the strong assertive nature of her character. The audiences become intrigued, and listen as she straightens difficulty from the Kow Tow, showing she is forceful and feisty but not young. As the "On Air" sign becomes visible the audiences realize she is being interviewed as she informs her audience she had enlisted in WW II following her dad’s footsteps. She tells her audience that her father gave her a Shoe-horn and two pieces of advice, â€Å"Don’t sit on a toilet seat until you have lined it with toilet paper† and â€Å"Never kiss a Pommie on the lips†. A marching song â€Å"Fall in Brother† was heard as images became visible on the screen of â€Å"Women Disembarking Singapore†. Misto created a dramatic atmosphere that captured the audience’s attention right through the introduction. The second scene appeared to be in the motel room where Bridie’s Friend Sheila is introduced. This scene was in the Motel Room, which was used several times in the play being a place where private revelation and growing tension between Bridie and Sheila took place. Tension between the two took place immediately in scene two as, â€Å"Bridie and Sheila stop in the doorway. There is slight but obvious tension between them†, Silence and body language were used by the two characters to create such tension towards the audiences as it is a emotion which no words can cater for or adequately express.

Government tell us what to do

From a small town to a cosmopolitan city on an island bustling with economic and social activity, Singapore has ensured our place in the modern world as we have an economic status better than other developed nations and a multitude of races. To further improve, the ‘Keep Singapore Clean† campaign had also told us to make Singapore clean and to rid indiscriminate littering and poor environmental conditions, so that with the cleanliness, we could boost our economy and make Singapore a better place. Also, through the National day rally speech and the ‘Good speak good English' campaign, Former Prime ministers had also tell us to speak good English as this could improve our connection and communication with the world. Thus, it will also improve our economic status as English gives us a big advantage over our competitors. However, in this time of stability and prosperity, we have become apathetic. The government has taken good care of us, and sometimes over-protective, there is no need for us to be concerned and worried about almost anything in this country. With the good life the government had given us, Singaporeans are more dependent and are reluctant to take risks. Being in our comfort zone, this allows us to turn a blind eye to the political scene and we just have to focus on what we are supposed to do, such as studies and work. Hence, we might even forget about our social graces, and this explains the hostility. Singapore government then realised that the locals' behaviour and values are as important as the economy, and finally they play a big part in shaping us and telling us what to do. This spiral effect of over-protecting us and inculcating values in us is now imperative to ensure that Singapore's economy, standard of living and hospitability is in the acceptable range to be a prosperous yet courteous country. As the government trying to inculcate values in us so as to make this place a more courteous one, they tell us what to do and how to behave by the campaigns and speeches done by Ministers. Firstly, we had the â€Å"Kindness, Bring it on† campaign to improve on our social graciousness. Since we are dependent on the government, we follow what the government tell us how to behave i.e. to display kindness. Therefore with the government tell us what to do and how to behave, we are more cautious with our actions and behaviours. As we speak Singlish today, many people will naturally correct us to speak good English. Also, we are more aware not to litter or spit so that we can maintain our clean environment, all these show that the governments have successfully shape us into what they want us to be.

Betty Shabazz Profile and Biography

Today Betty Shabazz is best known for being the widow of Malcolm X. But Shabazz overcame challenges before meeting her husband and after his death. Shabazz excelled in higher education despite being born to a teenage single mother and eventually pursued graduate studies that led her to become a college educator and administrator, all while raising six daughters on her own. In addition to her rise in academia, Shabazz remained active in the fight for civil rights, dedicating much of her time to helping the oppressed and underprivileged. Early Life of Betty Shabazz: A Rough Start Betty Shabazz was born Betty Dean Sanders to Ollie Mae Sanders and Shelman Sandlin. Her place of birth and birth date are under dispute, as her birth records were lost, but her birth date is believed to be May 28, 1934, and her birthplace either Detroit or Pinehurst, Ga. Like her future husband Malcolm X, Shabazz endured a difficult childhood. Her mother reportedly abused her and at age 11 she was removed from her care and placed in the home of a middle-class black couple named Lorenzo and Helen Malloy. A New Beginning Although life with the Malloys gave Shabazz an opportunity to pursue higher education, she felt disconnected from the couple because they refused to discuss her brushes with racism as a student at the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama. The Lorenzos, although involved in civil rights activism, evidently lacked the capacity to teach a young black child about how to cope with racism in U.S. society. Raised all of her life in the North, the prejudice she encountered in the South proved too much for Shabazz. Accordingly, she dropped out of Tuskegee Institute, against the Malloys’ wishes, and headed for New York City in 1953 to study nursing at Brooklyn State College School of Nursing. The Big Apple may have been a bustling metropolis, but Shabazz soon discovered that the Northern city wasn’t immune to racism. She felt that the nurses of color received harsher assignments than their white counterparts with little of the respect afforded to others. Meeting Malcolm Shabazz began attending the Nation of Islam (NOI) events after friends told her about the black Muslims. In 1956 she met Malcolm X, who was nine years her senior. She quickly felt a connection to him. Unlike her adoptive parents, Malcolm X did not hesitate to discuss the evils of racism and its impact on African Americans. Shabazz no longer felt alienated for reacting so strongly to the bigotry she encountered in both the South and the North. Shabazz and Malcolm X routinely saw each other during group outings. Then in 1958, they married. Their marriage produced six daughters. Their youngest two, twins, were born after Malcolm X’s assassination in 1965. Second Chapter Malcolm X was a faithful devotee of the Nation of Islam and its leader Elijah Muhammad for years. However, when Malcolm learned that Elijah Muhammad had seduced and fathered children with several women in the black Muslims, he parted ways with the group in 1964 and ultimately became a follower of conventional Islam. This break from NOI led to Malcolm X and his family receiving death threats and having their home firebombed. On Feb. 21, 1965, Malcolm’s tormentors made good on their promise to end his life. As Malcolm X gave a speech at the Audubon Ballroom in New York City that day, three members of the Nation of Islam shot him 15 times. Betty Shabazz and her daughters witnessed the assassination. Shabazz used her nursing training to try to revive him but it was no use. At the age of 39, Malcolm X was dead. After her husband’s murder, Betty Shabazz struggled to provide an income for her family. She eventually supported her daughters through proceeds from sales of Alex Haley’s Autobiography of Malcolm X along with proceeds from the publication of her husband’s speeches. Shabazz also made a concerted effort to better her self. She earned a bachelor’s degree from Jersey City State College and a doctorate in education from the University of Massachusetts in 1975, teaching at Medgar Evers College before becoming an administrator. She also traveled widely and gave speeches about civil rights and race relations. Shabazz also befriended the Coretta Scott King and Myrlie Evers, the widows of civil rights leaders Martin Luther King Jr. and Medgar Evers, respectively. The friendship of these â€Å"movement† widows was portrayed in Lifetime 2013 film â€Å"Betty Coretta.† Like Coretta Scott King, Shabazz did not believe that her husband’s murderers received justice. Only one of the men convicted of Malcolm X’s murder actually admitted to committing the crime and he, Thomas Hagan, has said the other men convicted of the crime are innocent. Shabazz long blamed NOI leaders such as Louis Farrakhan of having her husband killed, but he denied involvement. In 1995 Shabazz’s daughter Qubilah was arrested for trying to take justice into her own hands and have a hit man kill Farrakhan. Qubilah Shabazz avoided prison time by seeking treatment for drug and alcohol problems. Betty Shabazz reconciled with Farrakhan during a fundraiser at Harlem’s Apollo Theater to pay for her daughter’s defense. Betty Shabazz also appeared at Farrakhan’s Million Man March event in 1995. Tragic Ending Given Qubilah Shabazz’s troubles, her preteen son, Malcolm, was sent to live with Betty Shabazz. Unhappy with this new living arrangement, he set his grandmother’s home ablaze on June 1, 1997. Shabazz suffered third-degree burns on 80 percent of her body, fighting for her life until June 23, 1997, when she succumbed to her injuries. She was 61.